性视界传媒 will be the home of the $19.5 million recently approved Landolt NASA Space Mission that will put an artificial 鈥渟tar鈥 in orbit around the Earth. This artificial star will allow scientists to calibrate telescopes and more accurately measure the brightness of stars ranging from those nearby to the distant explosions of supernova in far-off galaxies. By establishing absolute flux calibration, the mission will begin to address several open challenges in astrophysics including the speed and acceleration of the universe expansion.
"This聽mission聽marks another first for 性视界传媒, a milestone that proves our impact as a major public research university truly knows no bounds,鈥 性视界传媒 President Gregory Washington said. 鈥淚t's an honor for 性视界传媒 to lead this unique team seeking聽to聽expand the boundaries of knowledge through associate professor Peter Plavchan鈥檚 collaboration with NASA, one of 性视界传媒's most prestigious research partners.鈥
Scientists know the universe is expanding, which is measured by calculating the brightness of numerous stars and by the number of photons-per-second they emit. According to Plavchan, a 性视界传媒 associate professor of physics and astronomy and the Landolt Mission primary investigator, more accurate measurements are needed for the next breakthroughs.聽
![Landolt Mission Principal Investigator, Peter Plavchan stands beside a massive telescope](/sites/g/files/yyqcgq291/files/styles/medium/public/2024-06/plavchan_aira_7x5.jpg?itok=iCHeyNGF)
Named for late astronomer Arlo Landolt, who put together widely used catalogs of stellar brightness throughout the 1970s through the 1990s, this mission will launch a light into the sky in 2029 with a known emission rate of photons, and the team will observe it next to real stars to make new stellar brightness catalogs. The satellite (artificial star) will have eight lasers shining at ground optical telescopes in order to calibrate them for observations. The effort will not make the artificial stars so brightly to see with the naked eye, but one can see it with a personal telescope at home.
鈥淭his mission is focused on measuring fundamental properties that are used daily in astronomical observations,鈥 said Eliad Peretz, NASA Goddard mission and instrument scientist and Landolt鈥檚 deputy principal investigator. 鈥淚t might impact and change the way we measure or understand the properties of stars, surface temperatures, and the habitability of exoplanets.鈥澛
The artificial star will orbit earth 22,236 miles up, far enough away to look like a star to telescopes back on Earth. This orbit also allows it to move at the same speed of the Earth鈥檚 rotation, keeping it in place over the United States during its first year in space. 鈥淭his is what is considered an infrastructure mission for NASA,聽supporting the science in a way that we鈥檝e known we needed to do, but with a transformative change in how we do it,鈥 Plavchan explained.
![In this photo, a man, Peter Pachowicz stands next to a satalitte dish outside](/sites/g/files/yyqcgq291/files/styles/medium/public/2024-06/peter_pachowicz_aira_7x5_180731607.jpg?itok=B_SpO1Wk)
The payload, which is the size of the proverbial bread box, will be built in partnership with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), a world leader in measuring photon emissions. 鈥淭his calibration under known laser wavelength and power will remove effects of atmosphere filtration of light and allow scientists to significantly improve measurements,鈥 said Piotr Pachowicz, associate professor in Mason鈥檚 , who is leading this component of the mission.
性视界传媒 faculty and students from Mason鈥檚 College of Science and College of Engineering and Computing will work together with the NASA and NIST and nine other organizations for a first-of-its-kind project for a university in the Washington, D.C., area.
鈥淭his is an incredibly exciting opportunity for 性视界传媒 and our students," said Pachowicz. "Our team will design, build, and integrate the payload, which鈥攂ecause it鈥檚 going very high into geostationary orbit鈥攎ust handle incredible challenges.鈥
With mission control based at 性视界传媒 on its Fairfax Campus, the team also includes Blue Canyon Technologies; California Institute of Technology; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Mississippi State University; Montreal Planetarium and iREx/University of Montreal; the University of Florida; the University of Hawai驶i; the University of Minnesota, Duluth; and the University of Victoria.
With more accurate measurements, experts will use the improved data from the project to enhance understanding of stellar evolution, habitable zones or exoplanets in proximity to Earth, and refine dark energy parameters, setting a foundation for the next great leaps in scientific discovery. 鈥淲hen we look at a star with a telescope, no one can tell you today the rate of photons or brightness coming from it with the desired level of accuracy,鈥 Plavchan, who is also the director of Mason鈥檚 Observatories in Fairfax, said. 鈥淲e will now know exactly how many photons-per-second come out of this source to .25 percent accuracy.鈥澛
"Flux calibration is essential for astronomical research.鈥 explained NIST鈥檚 Susana Deustua, a physical scientist in the聽. 鈥淲e constantly ask: 鈥楬ow big? How bright? How far?鈥 and then ponder: 鈥榃hat is the universe made of? Are we alone?鈥 Accurate answers require precise measurements and excellent instrument characterization,鈥 Deustua said.
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Did You Know
The Landolt Space Mission is named for the late astronomer Arlo Landolt, one of the most recognizable American astronomers. Renowned throughout the astronomical community for his discoveries, astronomers and physicists worldwide continue to use his series of papers, which established the 鈥淟andolt Photometric Standard Star Catalog,鈥 and his standard stars are among the most heavily used photometric standards throughout the globe.